THE LWVCT MEDIA STUDY:
Concurrence Unofficial Page - read up on the subject of WIFI and technical matters.

League has been thinking about Net Neutrality and related subjects for a while!
C O N T E N T S
  1. LEGISLATION CT 2008 - click here.
  2. New CT LWV position on Internet and the Media - click here!
  3. Fall Conference on E-Democracy:  A 21st Century Citizen's Right to Know and Participate NOW STREAMING HERE!
  4. What's new...and a story not brand new, that may explain some technical things!
  5. More new stuff - link here to report on high speed internet access in U.S.A. as of 2006 - compare this to what I-BBC reports: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7114728.stm#anchor
  6. INTRO to the topic:  inspired by Free Press' presentation at LWVCT Convention '07...
  7. Which Committee is in charge of these issues in the U.S. House of Representatives?
  8. Tech info;
  9. THE NEXT GENERATION - WIMAX - modem for laptop, alternative possibly the real alternative to WiFi (no technical problems) - similar speeds to DSL (?)
  10. Interesting insight: GOOGLEBLOG;
  11. CT news.
  12. Duke University WiFi problem?  Apple I-phone culprit...
  13. WiFi locations and cost (if not FREE).  NOTE: not an all-encompassing list - http://pcworld.jiwire.com/
  14. More on WiFi in CT.
  15. Background reports on WiFi and Media Study matters...F.C.C. latest.



Spectrum Auction Raises $19.6 Billion
NYTIMES
Article Tools Sponsored By
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Published: March 18, 2008


Filed at 4:57 p.m. ET

WASHINGTON (AP) -- Bidding has closed on a record-setting government airwaves auction, with the total amount pledged reaching nearly $19.6 billion. But enthusiasm in the result was tempered by doubts concerning the future of a proposed emergency communications network.

The total was the most bid since the Federal Communications Commission began using auctions in 1994 to decide who should be granted rights to use the publicly owned airwaves.

About one-sixth of the spectrum at auction was dedicated to the creation of an emergency communications network for first responders. But the so-called D block did not attract the minimum bid required by FCC auction rules.



E-Democracy:  A 21st Century Citizen's Right to Know and Participate...LWVCT Fall Conference
If you want to participate in the League of Women Voters Media Study, JOIN the Weston LWV HERE:

LEFT TO RIGHT:
Keynote speaker CT Att'y General Richard Blumenthal, Jon Bartholomew of Common Cause, Tony Riddle of Alliance for Community Media, Alexandra Russell of Free Press

WATCH THESE GREAT PRESENTERS!  This program is 2 hours and 20 minutes long.

DIRECTIONS:

Click on the appropriate link below, depending on whether you have a broadband (cable or dsl) internet connection, or a dialup modem connection.  The video is in Windows Media Player format.  If you are using Internet Explorer, and have Windows Media Player installed on your computer, the program should begin playing shortly after you click on the link.  With some other browsers, such as Firefox, the entire download will have to occur before the program will begin playing.  That may take considerable time, depending on the speed of your connection.  The files are very large, due to the length of the program!  The broadband version is 354 mB (megaBytes) in size, and the dialup version is 54 mB.  If your computer does not have Windows Media Player installed, you can download and install it from
www.microsoft.com
.  Microsoft has a version of WMP for Apple as well as for Windows computers.


Once the download process has completed, but not before, you will be able to skip around to arbitrary points within the program, by dragging the position slider in the Player program.

 Cable or DSL:
http://www.lwvweston.org/LWVCT12-1-07CableVersion.wmv

Dial Up:
http://www.lwvweston.org/LWVCT12-1-07ModemVersion.wmv



FALL CONFERENCE 2007:  E-Democracy:  A 21st Century Citizen's Right to Know and Participate
At the Capitol, Saturday morning, December 1, 2007  9am to Noon in the Old Judiciary Room...CT State Capitol, 210 Capitol Avenue, Hartford.  Interest around the country in the program - example here.

HOW DID IT GO?  WATCH IT AT THE LINKS ABOVE!!!

It was fantastic, AG great, other speakers super and audience q&a spectacular (and the Old Judiciary Room was packed)!!!  President Jara Burnett started us off, reporting on the Media Study's near completion and preparation for presentation to Local Leagues.  Kathy Wilson of the Hartford LWV moderated most ably.

Food for thought as LWVCT Media Study Committee prepares final document for member Concurrence!   It was truly inspiring to hear Att'y General Blumenthal thank the League for letting him talk about deep and serious issues for our democracy (rather than consumer issues only as his portfolio as CT AG lets him do usually).

Common Cause was delighted to hear what CT and its AG were up to;  PEG specialist from
Alliance for Community Media in D.C. was SUPER and had the full background about PEG--where its been and where it must go.  Advocating for the people, Alliance for Community Media was thoughtful and gave the Study Committee some direction.

A rousing presentation by Free Press (reminding us that the League is an organization that she admires and sees as an invaluable ally in this push for an open Internet)...
---------------
Keynote Speaker:
  CT Attorney General Richard Blumenthal - get some background here;

Watch Ben Scott of Free Press speak about net neutrality on YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ladtEC-G7pU
and...on the iPod hearings at     http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8hxJ73320M


STAMFORD WIFI


Photos in bottom 2 rows courtesy of the City of Stamford IT guys.  THANKS!
STAMFORD WIFI ZONE- a way to support universal access in compact areas - all you need is a laptop and a library card.
It works like this:  in a part of the downtown of Stamford, CT:  from public buildings and public spaces, DSL access is free to anyone with a CT Library card.  Within a circle of connectivity, users may access the Internet free.  The spot where this started is Stamford Library, then to City Hall and to parks andpublic plazas, hopefully from roof tops to the train station.  This is an experiment of "One Coast, One Future," and a similar WIFI experiment is up and running @ a train station in Norwalk;  there should be something going on in Bridgeport, too.



WIFI ALLIANCE

DEFINITION AND LEXICON FROM THE SOURCE

Wi-Fi allows LANs to be deployed without cabling for client devices, typically reducing the costs of network deployment and expansion. Spaces where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas and historical buildings, can host wireless LANs.

As of 2007 wireless network adapters are built into most modern laptops. The price of chipsets for Wi-Fi continues to drop, making it an economical networking option included in ever more devices. Wi-Fi has become widespread in corporate infrastructures, which also helps with the deployment of RFID technology that can piggyback on Wi-Fi [2].

Different competitive brands of access points and client network interfaces are inter-operable at a basic level of service. Products designated as "Wi-Fi Certified" by the Wi-Fi Alliance are backwards inter-operable. Wi-Fi is a global set of standards. Unlike mobile telephones, any standard Wi-Fi device will work anywhere in the world.

Wi-Fi is widely available in more than 250,000 public hotspots and tens of millions of homes and corporate and university campuses worldwide. WPA is not easily cracked if strong passwords are used and WPA2 encryption has no known weaknesses. New protocols for Quality of Service (WMM) make Wi-Fi more suitable for latency-sensitive applications (such as voice and video), and power saving mechanisms (WMM Power Save) improve battery operation.

Disadvantages of Wi-Fi

Spectrum assignments and operational limitations are not consistent worldwide. Most of Europe allows for an additional 2 channels beyond those permitted in the US (1-13 vs 1-11); Japan has one more on top of that (1-14), and some countries, like Spain, prohibit use of the lower-numbered channels. Europe, as of 2007, is now essentially homogeneous in this respect. Some countries, such as Italy, formerly required a 'general authorization' for any Wi-Fi used outside an operator's own premises, or require something akin to an operator registration.[citation needed] Equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) in the EU is limited to 20 dBm (0.1 W).

Power consumption is fairly high compared to some other low-bandwidth standards, such as Zigbee and Bluetooth, making battery life a concern.

The most common wireless encryption standard, Wired Equivalent Privacy or WEP, has been shown to be easily breakable even when correctly configured. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2), which began shipping in 2003, aims to solve this problem and is now available on most products. Wi-Fi Access Points typically default to an open (encryption-free) mode. Novice users benefit from a zero-configuration device that works out of the box, but without security enabled, providing open wireless access to their LAN. To turn security on requires the user to configure the device, usually via a software graphical user interface (GUI). Wi-Fi networks that are open (unencrypted) can be monitored and used to read and copy data (including personal information) transmitted over the network, unless another security method is used to secure the data, such as a VPN or a secure web page. (HTTPS/Secure Socket Layer)

Many 2.4 GHz 802.11b and 802.11g Access points default to the same channel on initial startup, contributing to congestion on certain channels. To change the channel of operation for an access point requires the user to configure the device.

Wi-Fi networks have limited range. A typical Wi-Fi home router using 802.11b or 802.11g with a stock antenna might have a range of 45 m (150 ft) indoors and 90 m (300 ft) outdoors. Range also varies with frequency band. Wi-Fi in the 2.4 GHz frequency block has slightly better range than Wi-Fi in the 5 GHz frequency block. Outdoor range with improved (directional) antennas can be several kilometres or more with line-of-sight.

Wi-Fi pollution, or an excessive number of access points in the area, especially on the same or neighboring channel, can prevent access and interfere with the use of other access points by others, caused by overlapping channels in the 802.11g/b spectrum, as well as with decreased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between access points. This can be a problem in high-density areas, such as large apartment complexes or office buildings with many Wi-Fi access points. Additionally, other devices use the 2.4 GHz band: microwave ovens, cordless phones, baby monitors, security cameras, and Bluetooth devices can cause significant additional interference. General guidance to those who suffer these forms of interference or network crowding is to migrate to a WiFi 5GHz product (802.11a) usually a dual band product as the 5GHz band is relatively unused and there are many more channels available. This also requires users to set up the 5GHz band to be the preferred network in the client and to configure each network band to a different name(SSID).

It is also an issue when municipalities[3], or other large entities such as universities, seek to provide large area coverage. Everyone is considered equal for the base standard without 802.11e/WMM when they use the band. This openness is also important to the success and widespread use of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, but makes it unsuitable for "must-have" public service functions or where reliability is required.

Interoperability issues between brands or proprietary deviations from the standard can disrupt connections or lower throughput speeds on other user's devices that are within range. Additionally, Wi-Fi devices do not, as of 2007, pick channels to avoid interference.
-----------------------
Glossary:

LAN - A system of connecting PCs and other devices within the same physical proximity for sharing resources such as an Internet connections, printers, files and drives. When Wi-Fi is used to connect the devices, the system is known as a wireless LAN or WLAN. (See WAN, WLAN, WMAN, WPAN).

RFID - Radio Frequency Identification. An electronic identification technology that uses radio frequency signals to read identifying data contained in tags on equipment and merchandise. An alternative to bar codes.


WIFI - A term developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to describe wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards. (See Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™  - "The certification standard designating IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network (WLAN) products that have passed interoperability testing requirements developed and governed by the Wi-Fi Alliance.")

WPA2 - Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. The follow on security method to WPA for wireless networks that provides stronger data protection and network access control. It provides enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks. Based on the ratified IEEE 802.11i standard, WPA2 provides government grade security by implementing the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FIPS 140-2 compliant AES encryption algorithm and 802.1X-based authentication. There are two versions of WPA2: WPA2-Personal, and WPA2-Enterprise. WPA2-Personal protects unauthorized network access by utilizing a set-up password. WPA2-Enterprise verifies network users through a server. WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA. Like WPA, WPA2 uses the 802.1X/EAP framework as part of the infrastructure that ensures centralized mutual authentication and dynamic key management and offers a pre-shared key for use in home and small office environments. Like WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of 802.11 devices, including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g, multi-band and multi-mode. (See WPA2-Enterprise, WPA2-Personal).

WMM - Wi-Fi Multimedia. A group of features for wireless networks that improve the user experience for audio, video and voice applications. WMM is based on a subset of the IEEE 802.11e WLAN QoS draft standard. WMM adds prioritized capabilities to Wi-Fi networks and optimizes their performance when multiple concurring applications, each with different latency and throughput requirements, compete for network resources. By using WMM, end-user satisfaction is maintained in a wider variety of environments and traffic conditions. WMM makes it possible for home network users and enterprise network managers to decide which data streams are most important and assign them a higher traffic priority. (See 802.11e, QoS).
------------------------

Questions about the subject of "WIFI":
In the U.S.A.?  In Connecticut? 
What role does population density play?
Topography?
Is it a good option in remote areas otherwise underserved by commercial providers?

Entry level ones here in Connecticut, the "Land of Steady Habits": 



AVAILABLE AT LWVCT OFFICES... video of LWVCT Convention 2007 activity in main meeting room, (for those Leagues not able to be at the one-day event)...


freepress speaker at LWVCT Convention '07 tells their version of the story...POWER POINT presentation here!
The who, what, when, where, why, and how of Wi-Fi;  "Net Neutrality" - where WiFi fits into the new LWVCT Study.


WiFi?  Why not!
Read research study that raises the major questions (in the Executive Summary) and gives an excellent overview...
(found via Google from footnotes on "Broadband" - Wikipedia).

Above is an example of "WIFRY" - narrowing signal for better quality and range (also can use a WOKTENNA) - instructions below:
Make 2.4GHz parabolic mesh dishes from cheap but sturdy Chinese cookware scoops & a USB WiFi adaptor! The largest so called "WIFRY" or "WOKTENNA" (12"= 300mm diam) shows 12-15dB gain (enough for a LOS range extension to 3-5km),costs ~US$5 & comes with a user friendly bamboo handle that suits WLAN fieldwork- if you can handle the curious stares! Neater boutique versions may better appeal indors.

What is it ("WiFi")?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi

Some more on what it is...
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wireless-network.htm

How is WiFi building in America?
Imagine having to make this type of system work over greater distances than from the kitchen to the upstairs office!
And from the Free Press website (nice graphics):

Community Internet across America;
Municipal WiFi Option
A better result elsewhere?  Check this out!




TECHNICAL INFO:
Want to talk like a Wi-Fi techie?  Some words you should know...


What is "bluetooth?"  Bad circulation in your teeth?  Here's a link to another "glossary"...here is annd more definitions of computer terms;  another!

Wi-Fi Alliance - its the IEEE 802.11a-g and an "n" version is forthcoming, according to our technical consultant - on the web:  http://wi-fi.org/

A Subect of Interest All Over The World

http://www.wifinetnews.com/

Bluetooth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth


BLOGGING IT:

http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/

We found this niche blog article - blog itself has now been merged into the The Wireless Report (www.thewirelessreport.com), which covers all things wireless - http://wifi.weblogsinc.com/2006/01/24/two-u-s-cities-make-top-10-hotspot-list/



B A C K G R O U N D   R E P O R T S . . .

THE BASICS:

Most users know they need a laptop that's equipped with a wireless card to connect to a WiFi network. Here are some other tips about how to get a strong signal from a citywide system.

• Look for a node: Before you subscribe, look to see where the closest node is to your building. If it's within eyesight, you're more likely to get a strong signal.

• Work by a window: If possible, use your computer near a window on the first or second floor. You won't get a signal from the middle of a building with no windows.

• Use a CPE: To get a signal indoors, use a wireless router called a CPE, or customer-premise equipment, that strengthens the signal. EarthLink offers one at no charge to customers who sign up for a one-year subscription and sells them to other customers for $69.95.

Source: Chronicle research


AT&T Rolls Out DISH Service In Ex - BellSouth States
NYTIMES
By REUTERS
Published: April 2, 2008

Filed at 2:10 p.m. ET
Skip to next paragraph Reuters

NEW YORK (Reuters) - AT&T <T.N> said on Wednesday it is rolling out a joint video, Internet and phone service with satellite provider DISH Network Corp <DISH.O> in states previously covered by BellSouth Corp.

AT&T, which acquired BellSouth in late 2006, has stopped marketing DIRECTV Group Inc <DTV.O> service in the nine states, a spokesman told Reuters.

AT&T has not yet made a final decision on video partnerships for its entire territory, and was still in negotiations with DIRECTV and DISH, the spokesman said, adding a decision was due by the end of the year.

(Reporting by Yinka Adegoke and Ritsuko Ando, editing by Richard Chang)



Comcast to Stop Hampering File-Sharing
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Published: March 27, 2008
Filed at 3:34 p.m. ET

PHILADELPHIA (AP) -- Comcast Corp., an Internet service provider under investigation for hampering online file-sharing by its subscribers, announced Thursday an about-face in its stance and said it will treat all types of Internet traffic equally.

Comcast said it will collaborate with BitTorrent Inc., the company founded by the creator of the popular BitTorrent file-sharing protocol, to come up with better ways to transport large files over the Internet instead of delaying file transfers.

Since user reports of interference with file-sharing traffic were confirmed by an Associated Press investigation in October, Comcast has been vigorously defending its practices, most recently at a hearing of the Federal Communications Commission in February.

Consumer and ''Net Neutrality'' advocates have been equally vigorous in their attacks on the company, saying that by secretly blocking some connections between file-sharing computers, Comcast made itself a judge and gatekeeper for the Internet.

They also accused Comcast of stifling delivery of Internet video, an emerging competitor to the core business of the nation's largest cable operator.

It was not immediately clear what effect, if any, the move will have on the FCC's ongoing probe, but Net Neutrality groups remained skeptical.

''This deal is the direct result of public pressure, and the threat of FCC action, against Comcast,'' said Marvin Ammori, general counsel of Free Press, a media reform group. ''But with Comcast's history of broken promises and record of deception, we can't just take their word that the Internet is now in safe hands.''

Shares in Comcast rose 29 cents, or 1.5 percent, to $20 in midday trading Thursday.

Comcast has said that its practices were necessary to keep file-sharing traffic from overwhelming local cable lines, where neighbors share capacity with one another.

On Thursday, Comcast said that by year's end, it will no longer target files based on the type of protocol used, such as BitTorrent's, and will instead explore alternatives.

''The outcome will be a traffic management technique that is more appropriate for today's emerging Internet trends,'' Tony Werner, Comcast's chief technology officer, said in a statement.

One option is to delay file transfers for the heaviest downloaders, regardless of protocol, the Philadelphia-based company said.

Comcast said it also was monitoring Time Warner Cable Inc.'s experiment in placing explicit caps on the monthly downloads for new customers in Beaumont, Texas. Subscribers who go over their allotment will pay extra, much like a cell-phone subscriber who uses too many minutes in a month.

But Comcast may be wary about charging certain users more because of competitive pressure, especially after rival Verizon Communications Inc. said recently that such traffic is legitimate and that its FiOS network can handle the flow, said Harold Feld of Media Access Project, a nonprofit advocacy group in Washington, D.C.

Comcast has been hampering the BitTorrent file-sharing protocol, which together with the eDonkey protocol, accounts for about a third of all Internet traffic, according to figures from Arbor Networks. The vast majority of that is illegal sharing of copyright-protected files, but file-sharing is also emerging as a low-cost way of distributing legal content -- in particular, video.

On Thursday, Werner all but embraced peer-to-peer file transfers, saying the techniques have ''matured as an enabler for legal content distribution.''

The company initially veiled its traffic-management system in secrecy, saying openness would allow users to circumvent it. Werner said the company now would ''publish'' the new technique and take into account feedback from the Internet community.

Comcast and BitTorrent said they want to work out network management issues privately, without the need for government intervention.

FCC Commissioner Robert McDowell agreed as much, saying in a statement that ''the private sector is the best forum to resolve such disputes.''

For its part, BitTorrent acknowledged that service providers have to manage their networks somehow, especially during peak times.

''While we think there were other management techniques that could have been deployed, we understand why Comcast and other ISPs adopted the approach that they did initially,'' Eric Klinker, BitTorrent's chief technology officer, said in a statement.

Comcast also said that the issue is larger than BitTorrent. It said it was in talks with other parties to find solution, although the cable company might not have much of a choice.

Verizon recently announced that by sharing information with Pando Networks, another file-sharing company, Verizon was able to speed up file-sharing downloads for its subscribers while reducing the strain on its own network. AT&T Inc. has been looking at similar collaboration.

However, phone companies are in a better position than cable companies to deal with file-sharing traffic, since neighbors don't share capacity on phone lines.


Hopes for Wireless Cities Fade as Internet Providers Pull Out
By IAN URBINA,
nytimes.com
March 22, 2008


PHILADELPHIA — It was hailed as Internet for the masses when Philadelphia officials announced plans in 2005 to erect the largest municipal Wi-Fi grid in the country, stretching wireless access over 135 square miles with the hope of bringing free or low-cost service to all residents, especially the poor.

Municipal officials in Chicago, Houston, San Francisco and 10 other major cities, as well as dozens of smaller towns, quickly said they would match Philadelphia’s plans.

But the excited momentum has sputtered to a standstill, tripped up by unrealistic ambitions and technological glitches. The conclusion that such ventures would not be profitable led to sudden withdrawals by service providers like EarthLink, the Internet company that had effectively cornered the market on the efforts by the larger cities.

Now, community organizations worry about their prospects for helping poor neighborhoods get online.

In Tempe, Ariz., and Portland, Ore., for example, hundreds of subscribers have found themselves suddenly without service as providers have cut their losses and either abandoned their networks or stopped expanding capacity.

“All these cities had this hype hangover late last year when EarthLink announced its intentions to pull out,” said Craig Settles, an independent wireless consultant and author of “Fighting the Good Fight for Municipal Wireless” (Hudson Publishing, 2006). “Now that they’re all sobered up, they’re trying to figure out if it’s still possible to capture the dream of providing affordable and high-speed access to all residents.”

EarthLink announced on Feb. 7 that “the operations of the municipal Wi-Fi assets were no longer consistent with the company’s strategic direction.” Philadelphia officials say they are not sure when or if the promised network will now be completed.

For Cesar DeLaRosa, 15, however, the concern is more specific. He said he was worried about his science project on global warming.

“If we don’t have Internet, that means I’ve got to take the bus to the public library after dark, and around here, that’s not always real safe,” Cesar said, seated in front of his family’s new computer in a gritty section of Hunting Park in North Philadelphia. His family is among the 1,000 or so low-income households that now have free or discounted Wi-Fi access through the city’s project, and many of them worry about losing access that they cannot otherwise afford.

Philadelphia officials say service will not be disconnected.

“We expect EarthLink to live up to its contract,” said Terry Phillis, the city’s chief information officer.

But when City Council leaders here held a hearing in December to question EarthLink about how it intended to keep service running and complete the planned network, the company failed to show up.

Officials in Chicago, Houston, Miami and San Francisco find themselves in a similar predicament with EarthLink and other service providers, and have all temporarily tabled their projects.

Part of the problem was in the business model established in Philadelphia and mimicked in so many other cities, Mr. Settles said.

In Philadelphia, the agreement was that the city would provide free access to city utility poles for the mounting of routers; in return the Internet service provider would agree to build the infrastructure for 23 free hotspots and to provide inexpensive citywide residential service, including 25,000 special accounts that were even cheaper for lower-income households.

But soon it became clear that dependable reception required more routers than initially predicted, which drastically raised the cost of building the networks. Marketing was also slow to begin, so paid subscribers did not sign up in the numbers that providers initially hoped, Mr. Phillis said.

Prices for Internet service on the broader market also began dropping to a level that, while above what many poor people could afford, was below what municipal Wi-Fi providers were offering, so the companies had to lower their rates even further, making investment in infrastructure even more risky, he said.

EarthLink, which has seen a recent decline in profits and subscribers, lost its chief executive, Garry Betty, to cancer in January 2007, and with him went one of the nation’s most vocal advocates of municipal Wi-Fi. Mr. Betty’s successor, Rolla P. Huff, announced plans to cut costs and move the company in a new direction by laying off about 900 workers, about half the company’s work force, and withdrawing from municipal wireless projects.

Chris Marshall, an EarthLink spokesman who declined to be interviewed, said in an e-mail statement, “We concluded that our Municipal Wi-Fi operation is not consistent with our strategic direction and we’ve committed to a plan to sell the Muni Wi-Fi assets.”

For San Francisco residents, EarthLink’s change of plans was an especially big letdown. Unlike most other cities where municipal wireless was going to be offered in free hotspots and at a reduced price for residential service, San Francisco planned to offer citywide wireless free in a three-way deal with EarthLink, which was to build the grid, and Google, which would have paid to advertise through the network.

“It was a huge disappointment for us,” Mayor Gavin Newsom of San Francisco said about EarthLink’s shift in course, “and, with all due respect, it doesn’t seem like a smart way to run a business to work with a city for two years over a major plan and then suddenly one day to call and say you are pulling out.”

Mr. Newsom said that rather than select a single Internet provider to blanket the city, he might team up with multiple nonprofits and companies, and set up smaller free Wi-Fi areas, especially in poor neighborhoods.

Smaller cities, too, have run into problems with municipal wireless efforts.

Tempe, for instance, was one of the first midsize cities in the nation to go live in 2006 with its municipal wireless network, after erecting about 900 routers on utility poles and contracting with Gobility, a Texas-based provider, for residential service at about $20 per month. In December, the company suddenly pulled service after failing to get enough subscribers.

“The entire for-profit model is the reason for the collapse in all these projects,” said Sascha Meinrath, technology analyst at the New America Foundation, a nonprofit research organization in Washington.

Mr. Meinrath said that advocates wanted to see American cities catch up with places like Athens, Leipzig and Vienna, where free or inexpensive Wi-Fi already exists in many areas.

He said that true municipal networks, the ones that are owned and operated by municipalities, were far more sustainable because they could take into account benefits that help cities beyond private profit, including property-value increases, education benefits and quality-of-life improvements that come with offering residents free wireless access.

Mr. Meinrath pointed to St. Cloud, Fla., which spent $3 million two years ago to build a free wireless network that is used by more than 70 percent of the households in the city.

But projects covering larger cities have proved far more difficult to sustain financially, and much of the attention has turned now to Minneapolis, which is rolling out a network based on a new business model that many market analysts believe will avoid the financial risks that EarthLink encountered in Philadelphia and elsewhere.

In Minneapolis, the Internet service provider agreed to build the network as long as the city committed to becoming an “anchor tenant” by subscribing for a minimum number of city workers, like building inspectors, meter readers, police officers and firefighters.

This type of plan is more viable, according to market analysts and city officials, because the companies paying to mount the routers and run the service are guaranteed a base number of subscribers to cover the cost of their investment.

Some companies have also begun offering technological alternatives that may help expand wireless access.

Meraki, a wireless networking company based in Mountain View, Calif., has jumped into the void in San Francisco with a program it calls “Free the Net.” The company sells low-cost equipment that can be placed in a person’s home to broadcast a wireless signal. The company also sells inexpensive repeaters that can be placed on rooftops or outside walls to spread the original customer’s signal farther. The combination of the two types of equipment creates a mesh of free wireless in neighborhoods. The company says it has almost 70,000 users throughout San Francisco.

Back in Philadelphia, Cesar’s older sister, Tomasa DeLaRosa, said she had faith that city officials would find a way to finish the network and keep her Internet service going.

“Our whole house is totally different now,” said Ms. DeLaRosa, 19, who had never had Internet access at home until last December because she could not afford it.

After signing up for a job training program and completing its course work, Ms. DeLaRosa received a free laptop, training and a year’s worth of free wireless service from Esparanza, a community group.

Greg Goldman, chief executive of Wireless Philadelphia, a nonprofit organization that was set up as part of the city’s deal with EarthLink, said that about $20 million had already been spent on the network, and only about $4 million more would be needed to cover the rest of the city.

Mr. Goldman’s organization is responsible for providing bundles that include a free laptop, Internet access, training and technical support to organizations like Esparanza so they can use them as incentives for their low-income clients like Ms. DeLaRosa to complete job training and other programs.

“For us and a lot of people in this neighborhood,” Ms. DeLaRosa said, “the Internet is like a path out of here.”



State Commissioner Brokers Meeting With AT&T, Union ; Communications Giant Has Plans To Eliminate 213 Jobs In Connecticut  
DAY
By Patricia Daddona,   
Published on 2/2/2008  

AT&T's union president has agreed to meet with the company and a state commissioner to address not only the announced 213 company layoffs but also the larger issue of work leaving Connecticut.

William Henderson, the president of the Communications Workers of America Union Local 1298, met late Friday with Joan McDonald, commissioner of the state Department of Economic and Community Development. John Olsen, head of the AFL-CIO, joined them, they said.

“We're going to see where it goes,” said Henderson, who was miffed initially that Gov. M. Jodi Rell has not yet met with him personally.

“This is not an AT&T labor issue as much as it is a state of Connecticut issue,” said Henderson. “We are bleeding jobs in Connecticut and I'm asking the governor to put a tourniquet on. My point was our communication system in this state is as important to Connecticut as I-95 is because we have to have the best on the information highway.”

The concern also is looming, he said, that more AT&T jobs could be lost here when the contract is renegotiated in 2009.

AT&T is eliminating 213 jobs as it shifts collections work to Tennessee, global accounts to Dallas, and repair work to Ohio. Positions will be lost at call centers in Hartford, New Haven and Meriden.

“This is the beginning, not the end” of a steady erosion of jobs in the state, Henderson said.

McDonald said Rell has asked her to take the lead among a variety of commissioners, including the head of the state Department of Labor. She said she will have a “roll-up our sleeves working meeting to see what types of initiatives might make sense” before anything goes to the governor.

The meeting McDonald plans to hold with AT&T and Henderson will address training programs to “make sure that our work force locally has all the right skills” as well as broader “macro” issues about jobs in the state, she said.

Earlier in the day, McDonald said Henderson refused to meet with her, but Henderson disputed that, saying he didn't see the point in meeting with anyone but the governor since Rell could best effect change. Later, the two met with Olsen.

Attorney General Richard Blumenthal, who urged Rell by letter to meet with Henderson, said Friday Rell is in a position to intervene and help prevent AT&T layoffs much the way the governor of Massachusetts has.

“I'm somewhat dismayed and disappointed by the complete refusal to speak personally with the two sides,” Blumenthal said. “Only the governor will have the kind of sway and persuasive influence that would reverse this decision, with all due respect to the commissioner. None of this is to be personally critical, because I know the governor shares a concern for jobs and families.”

McDonald said Rell has been delegating responsibility on the matter and “not refusing to meet” with Henderson.

Rich Harris, a spokesman for the governor, said Rell is busy attending to the budget and getting ready for the upcoming legislative session, which begins Wednesday.

“Gov. Rell's record is clear,” he said. “She will fight tooth and nail to save any job that she can. She remained as concerned about these jobs as she was about the jobs at the sub base, MetLife, Aetna, ING and all of the other jobs she's fought for. The governor's going to work with all of her commissioners ... to see what the best way to proceed will be and that's an evolving strategy.”

Seth Bloom, an AT&T spokesman, emphasized that directly affected employees will have the option of taking a severance package or moving into other positions within the company. And to lessen the impact of severance on these employees, the company extended the severance offer to a larger group of employees, which is expected to open up new positions for workers, he said.

“There certainly are other call centers in other states that will do this work,” said Bloom. But “every person who has a job with us will continue to have a job with us unless they take a severance package. Furthermore, we continue to add jobs to the state's economy where we're growing for U-Verse broadband and wireless.”
        
AT&T's union president has agreed to meet with the company and a state commissioner to address not only the announced 213 company layoffs but also the larger issue of work leaving Connecticut.

William Henderson, the president of the Communications Workers of America Union Local 1298, met late Friday with Joan McDonald, commissioner of the state Department of Economic and Community Development. John Olsen, head of the AFL-CIO, joined them, they said.

“We're going to see where it goes,” said Henderson, who was miffed initially that Gov. M. Jodi Rell has not yet met with him personally.

“This is not an AT&T labor issue as much as it is a state of Connecticut issue,” said Henderson. “We are bleeding jobs in Connecticut and I'm asking the governor to put a tourniquet on. My point was our communication system in this state is as important to Connecticut as I-95 is because we have to have the best on the information highway.”

The concern also is looming, he said, that more AT&T jobs could be lost here when the contract is renegotiated in 2009.

AT&T is eliminating 213 jobs as it shifts collections work to Tennessee, global accounts to Dallas, and repair work to Ohio. Positions will be lost at call centers in Hartford, New Haven and Meriden.

“This is the beginning, not the end” of a steady erosion of jobs in the state, Henderson said.

McDonald said Rell has asked her to take the lead among a variety of commissioners, including the head of the state Department of Labor. She said she will have a “roll-up our sleeves working meeting to see what types of initiatives might make sense” before anything goes to the governor.

The meeting McDonald plans to hold with AT&T and Henderson will address training programs to “make sure that our work force locally has all the right skills” as well as broader “macro” issues about jobs in the state, she said.

Earlier in the day, McDonald said Henderson refused to meet with her, but Henderson disputed that, saying he didn't see the point in meeting with anyone but the governor since Rell could best effect change. Later, the two met with Olsen.

Attorney General Richard Blumenthal, who urged Rell by letter to meet with Henderson, said Friday Rell is in a position to intervene and help prevent AT&T layoffs much the way the governor of Massachusetts has.

“I'm somewhat dismayed and disappointed by the complete refusal to speak personally with the two sides,” Blumenthal said. “Only the governor will have the kind of sway and persuasive influence that would reverse this decision, with all due respect to the commissioner. None of this is to be personally critical, because I know the governor shares a concern for jobs and families.”

McDonald said Rell has been delegating responsibility on the matter and “not refusing to meet” with Henderson.

Rich Harris, a spokesman for the governor, said Rell is busy attending to the budget and getting ready for the upcoming legislative session, which begins Wednesday.

“Gov. Rell's record is clear,” he said. “She will fight tooth and nail to save any job that she can. She remained as concerned about these jobs as she was about the jobs at the sub base, MetLife, Aetna, ING and all of the other jobs she's fought for. The governor's going to work with all of her commissioners ... to see what the best way to proceed will be and that's an evolving strategy.”

Seth Bloom, an AT&T spokesman, emphasized that directly affected employees will have the option of taking a severance package or moving into other positions within the company. And to lessen the impact of severance on these employees, the company extended the severance offer to a larger group of employees, which is expected to open up new positions for workers, he said.

“There certainly are other call centers in other states that will do this work,” said Bloom. But “every person who has a job with us will continue to have a job with us unless they take a severance package. Furthermore, we continue to add jobs to the state's economy where we're growing for U-Verse broadband and wireless.”
Microsoft and Yahoo's shotgun marriage
Friday 1 February 2008  13:68 GMT
ANALYSIS
By Tim Weber
Business editor, BBC News website

Yahoo founder Jerry Yan and Microsoft founder Bill Gates
Jerry Yang's and Bill Gates' legacies are at stake

Is this Bill Gates' last big throw?

Microsoft's proposal to buy internet veteran Yahoo for a whopping $44.6bn (£22.4bn) certainly grabs the attention.

But does it make business sense?

In a way this won't be the Microsoft founder's problem. This summer Mr Gates will leave the company to work full-time on fighting global poverty and diseases like Aids, Malaria and TB.

But the Microsoft managers who have to make it work will be asked whether this is a case of one failing giant trying to prop up another.

The Google factor

Yahoo has been on the ropes for a long time.

Once the top dog of the internet, the company has been haemorrhaging users and money. With advertising income not anywhere near where it should be, Yahoo's share price is stuck in the doldrums.


If Yahoo agrees to the deal with Microsoft, it will be a shotgun marriage, but it will be Google holding the shotgun.

Last June Yahoo's board chucked out chief executive Terry Semel and brought back co-founder Jerry Yang to recapture the firm's dominance - to little avail.

One word explains all of Yahoo's troubles: Google. While Yahoo invested in content to lure its audience, the search engine rival simply focused on delivering what users really wanted: good search results.

Fighting over the mobile web

Microsoft has watched Yahoo's struggle closely, and seen the writing on the wall.

As Google has grown into a billion dollar business, it has increasingly strayed into Microsoft's territory, competing not just for advertising revenue but rivalling core Microsoft products like email and word processing.

That alone would not be enough to persuade Microsoft to make this unsolicited offer.

Microsoft was late to the internet and has always been playing catch up.
Darren Waters, technology editor, BBC News website

Don't forget, despite its many challenges Microsoft is still in rude health. It has one of the world's largest research and development budgets, and key software products like Windows and Office are still licences to print money.

But Microsoft also knows that its stronghold, the PC business, is getting less and less important.

The future of today's IT industry is the rapidly growing mobile internet space, and Google has made no secret that it is prepared to spend a lot of money to conquer this market.

Ultimately, Google and Microsoft pursue the same market, although they approach it from two different directions.

Google wants to enable its customers to organise and find the whole of human knowledge, and is providing the tools to do so.

Microsoft is a provider of tools that just happen to help users to process and use information.

Now both firms are meeting in the middle and fight for market space.

Shotgun marriage

If Yahoo agrees to the deal with Microsoft, it will be a shotgun marriage, but it will be Google holding the shotgun.

If Yahoo's management says "yes, I do", it will be an admission that its attempts to turn around the company have failed.

Yahoo shareholders, in turn, will not be able to believe their luck. Microsoft was probably the only company with pockets deep enough to bail them out.

For Microsoft, however, this is the deal that could break it.

Making the offer is an admission that Microsoft's management has been scared by the success of Google.

The bid is also an acknowledgement that its numerous attempts to become a dominant internet content provider have failed.

But to make it pay, Microsoft will have to demonstrate that the combined company can offer a superior business model.

The big bet

Microsoft is promising that together with Yahoo it can offer "a competitive choice" that offers "more value... to advertisers, publishers and consumers".

That holds true only if the combined Microsoft and Yahoo can do what they did not achieve as separate companies, namely develop search algorithms that rival those of Google.

Anything short of that would result in one of the biggest destructions of shareholder value since the disastrous merger of AOL and Time Warner at the height of the dotcom boom.

If Microsoft succeeds, it will be able to extend its hold on the PC world to all aspects of our lives.

Bill Gates and his top managers are betting an awfully large part of the company in the hope of making it a success.






F.C.C. Reshapes Rules Limiting Media Industry
NYTIMES
By STEPHEN LABATON
Published: December 19, 2007

WASHINGTON — The Federal Communications Commission approved two new rules on Tuesday that are likely to reshape the nation’s media landscape by setting new parameters for the size and scope of the largest news and cable companies.

One rule would tighten the reins on the cable television industry. By stipulating that no one company can control more than 30 percent of the market, the rule introduces fresh regulation to an industry where there has been little of it, angering both the cable industry and Republican commissioners, who favor a free-market approach.

The other rule, which gives owners of newspapers more leeway to buy radio and television stations in the largest cities, is a step in the direction of deregulation. It is intended to help the newspaper industry, which is suffering from dwindling advertising revenue, and to recognize that the historical conditions that gave rise to cross-ownership restrictions have changed, now that more news sources are available on the Internet and cable television.

But the change drew criticism from newspaper executives, who said it was too modest to be meaningful, and from prominent lawmakers and commission Democrats, who called it a Christmas present to the nation’s largest conglomerates.

Both rules are certain to be reviewed by courts in the coming months. On Capitol Hill, some lawmakers said Tuesday that they would try to undo the rule about the newspaper industry.

Nevertheless, the votes were an important political victory for Kevin J. Martin, the F.C.C. chairman, who presided over a contentious meeting at which he re-established his control over the deeply divided agency. Mr. Martin had suffered a sharp setback three weeks ago when he was unable to find two commissioners to support a plan to regulate cable television more tightly.

The decisions were a blow to Comcast Communications, the nation’s largest cable company, which has grown substantially over the last decade through a series of acquisitions and will now be unable to buy more cable companies unless it can get the order overturned by a court.

By taking Comcast out of any bidding, the new rule was also a setback to smaller cable operators thinking of selling to other companies.

As for the relaxation of the newspaper-broadcast rule, telecommunications lawyers said it could pave the way for Rupert Murdoch to win permanent waivers to control two television stations in New York, as well as The New York Post and The Wall Street Journal.

In one 3-to-2 vote on Tuesday, Mr. Martin sided with the agency’s two other Republicans to relax the newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership rules in the nation’s 20 largest markets. Under the new rule, a company can own both a newspaper and either a television or radio station in those markets as long as there remain at least eight other independent sources of news. If it is a television station, the rule requires that it cannot be one of the top four.

Mr. Martin said that the change was a modest, though vital step toward assisting the newspaper industry, which is struggling financially as advertising and readership migrates rapidly to the Internet. “We cannot ignore the fact the media marketplace is considerably different than when the media ownership rule was put in place more than 30 years ago,” he said.

In a second 3-to-2 vote, Mr. Martin joined with the two Democratic commissioners to impose a limit to prevent Comcast, which controls nearly 30 percent of the market, from getting larger. Mr. Martin has been critical of the cable television industry for raising rates faster than the rate of inflation and for failing to offer consumers enough lower-price choices in subscription packages.

In a series of dissents, the commissioners took issue with Mr. Martin’s assessments.

“In the final analysis,” said Michael J. Copps, a Democratic commissioner who has led a nationwide effort against relaxing the media ownership rules, “the real winners today are businesses that are in many cases quite healthy, and the real losers are going to be all of us who depend on the news media to learn what’s happening in our communities and to keep an eye on local government.”

Robert M. McDowell, a Republican commissioner, was sharply critical of the cable restrictions.


“The cap is out of date, is bad public policy and is not needed in today’s public market,” he said. He called the cable rule “archaic industrial policy” that would surely be struck down by an appeals court, as a similar rule was six years ago.

Although Mr. Martin appears to have won a high-stakes battle over some of the most significant policy decisions of his tenure, he has expended significant political capital and made political enemies of powerful industry groups and influential lawmakers.

For opposite reasons, both rules approved on Tuesday were sharply criticized by industry. John F, Sturm, president of the Newspaper Association of America, called the new cross-ownership rule “a baby step in the actions needed to maintain the vitality of local news, in print and over-the-air, in all communities across the nation.” Mr. Sturm said he favored eliminating the cross-ownership ban completely.

On the other hand, the cable television industry accused Mr. Martin of once again imposing unfair regulations on it.

David L. Cohen, an executive vice president of Comcast, said it was “perverse to see the commission approving huge mergers by the Bell companies while now telling cable companies, who compete toe-to-toe with the Bells, that they may not also grow larger and achieve the same efficiencies.”

Over the last year, the commission has approved a series of proposals over the objections of the cable television industry. Last December, it approved a measure to force municipalities to accelerate the local approval process for the telephone companies to offer video services in new markets. And two months ago, it struck down thousands of contracts that gave individual cable companies exclusive rights to provide service to apartment buildings.

Consumer groups, which have long pushed for tighter cable television regulation, criticized the change in newspaper cross-ownership. “We’re disappointed that he relaxed the rule,” said Gene Kimmelman, the senior lobbyist in Washington for Consumers Union. “But the new language creating a high hurdle in the small markets, if appropriately implemented, could significantly limit the number of mergers that get through, minimizing the danger to competition and diversity in local news.”

A significant chorus in Congress has been deeply critical of Mr. Martin and repeatedly requested that he delay action on the media ownership vote. On Monday, 25 senators led by Senator Byron Dorgan, Democrat of North Dakota, sent Mr. Martin a letter in which they vowed to take legislative action to revoke any new rule or nullify Tuesday’s vote.

But in a letter to lawmakers from Commerce Secretary Carlos M. Gutierrez, the administration expressed support for Mr. Martin.

Both the newspaper-broadcast ownership rule and the cable rule are certain to be reviewed by federal appeals courts. Three years ago, a federal appeals panel in Philadelphia struck down a series of deregulatory measures proposed by Mr. Martin’s predecessor, Michael K. Powell, including one that loosened the cross-ownership rules.



F.C.C. Eases Media Ownership Rule
NYTIMES
By STEPHEN LABATON

Published: December 18, 2007

WASHINGTON — By the narrowest of margins, the Federal Communications Commission adopted proposals by its chairman to tighten the reins on the cable television industry while loosening 32-year-old restrictions that have prevented a company from owning both a newspaper and a television or radio station in the same city.

Last month the chairman, Kevin J. Martin, suffered a setback when he was unable to find two commissioners to support his proposal to more tightly regulate cable television.  But in a highly contentious meeting on Tuesday, Mr. Martin re-established control when he became the pivotal vote on two rules that could significantly reshape the nation’s media landscape by determining the size and scope of the largest news and cable companies.

In one 3-to-2 vote, he sided with the agency’s two other Republicans to relax the newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership rules in the 20 largest markets. As part of that order, the commission also granted dozens of permanent waivers of newspaper-broadcast combinations in large and small markets that had been given temporary waivers as they awaited the outcome of the rulemaking.

In a second 3-to-2 vote, Mr. Martin joined with the two Democratic commissioners to impose a limit that would prevent the nation’s largest cable company, Comcast Communications, from growing much larger. Under that rule, no company can control more than 30 percent of the market. Analysts say that Comcast is close to that limit.

Mr. Martin has said that a relaxation of the ownership rules was a modest, though vital step toward assisting the newspaper industry as it struggled financially as advertising and readership migrates rapidly to the Internet. He has been critical of the cable television industry for raising rates far greater than the rate of inflation and for failing to offer consumers enough choices in subscription packages.

“We cannot ignore the fact the media marketplace is considerably different than when the media ownership rule was put in place more than 30 years ago,” he said of the newspaper-broadcast rule.

The dissenting commissioners complained strongly about the outcome.

Michael J. Copps, a Democratic commissioner who has led a nationwide effort against relaxing the media ownership rules, said the rule was nothing more than a big Christmas present to the largest conglomerates.

“In the final analysis,” Mr. Copps said, “the real winners today are businesses that are in many cases quite healthy, and the real losers are going to be all of us who depend on the news media to learn what’s happening in our communities and to keep an eye on local government.”

“Despite all the talk you may hear today about the threat to newspapers from the Internet and new technologies, today’s order actually deals with something quite old-fashioned,” Mr. Copps said. “Powerful companies are using political muscle to sneak through rule changes that let them profit at the expense of the public interest.”

And Robert M. McDowell, a Republican commissioner, was sharply critical of the cable restrictions.

“The cap is out of date, is bad public policy and is not needed in today’s public market,” he said. He called the cable rule “archaic industrial policy” that would surely be struck down by an appeals court, as an earlier rule was six years ago.

Although Mr. Martin appears to have won a high-stakes battle within the commission over some of the most important proposals of his tenure, he has expended significant political capital and made political enemies of powerful industry groups and influential lawmakers.

For opposite reasons, both proposals approved on Tuesday have been criticized by industry. The Newspaper Association of America has attacked the proposal for being too modest, and said that Mr. Martin did not go far enough.

“Today’s vote is only a baby step in the actions needed to maintain the vitality of local news, in print and over-the-air, in all communities across the nation,” the president of the Newspaper Association, John F. Sturm, said. “Eliminating the cross-ownership ban completely would enhance localism by enabling broadcasters to increase local news and would not distract from the diversity of viewpoints available to local audiences.”

The cable television industry has said it has repeatedly been an unfair target of Mr. Martin, and that his efforts to regulate the industry are at odds with the broader policies of the Bush administration to remove or lessen regulations.

Over the last year, the commission has approved a series of proposals over the objections of the cable television industry, including one last December to force municipalities to accelerate the local approval process for the telephone companies to offer video services in new markets. Another one last October struck down thousands of contracts that gave individual cable companies exclusive rights to provide service to an apartment building.

Consumer groups, which have long pushed for tighter cable television regulation, were split over the media ownership rules. Some were relieved that it did not go nearly as far as they had feared and that Mr. Martin tightened a loophole by making it more difficult for companies to get exemptions from the rules in smaller markets. Other groups were critical because they said the rule could open the door to further consolidation and a decline in the diversity of voices on the airwaves.

Moreover, a significant chorus in Congress has been deeply critical of Mr. Martin and repeatedly requested that he delay action on the media ownership vote. Earlier this week, 25 senators led by Senator Byron Dorgan, Democrat of North Dakota, sent Mr. Martin a letter in which they vowed to take legislative action to revoke any new rule or nullify Tuesday’s vote. But the administration expressed support for Mr. Martin.

In a significant victory for the newspaper and broadcast industries, Mr. Martin has signaled that he will not use the new rules to force any companies that already have waivers or exemptions to sell some assets. Some companies, including The New York Times Company, have been able to own both a newspaper and a radio station in the same market under permanent waivers because they held both properties before the restrictions were imposed in 1975. Others have been granted what are supposed to be temporary waivers while the agency considered how to rewrite the rules.

Under Tuesday’s order, 42 newspaper-broadcast combinations that had previously been granted temporary or grandfathered exemptions will not be forced to sell any assets to comply with the new rule.

Both the newspaper-broadcast ownership rule and the cable rule are certain to be reviewed by federal appeals courts. Three years ago, a federal appeals panel in Philadelphia struck down a series of deregulatory measures proposed by Mr. Martin’s predecessor, Michael K. Powell, including one that loosened the cross-ownership rules.

The court said that the agency had the authority to relax the rules, and that it also had the authority to impose some limits on ability of a conglomerate to own both a newspaper and a television or radio station in the same city. But the judges also concluded that that the commission had not provided a reasoned analysis to support the limits that it chose. The court has continued to hold the case and asked the commission to report back to it once it reconsidered the rules.

The cable concentration caps, as they are known, have long been the subject of debate and litigation at the commission. Six years ago a federal appeals court in Washington struck down a rule that was similar to the one adopted on Tuesday.

The three-judge panel concluded that the commission had failed to provide an adequate justification to overcome the First Amendment rights of the cable companies. But commission officials said that they had provided a different justification for the new rule, which they hoped would pass court muster.


Does Eric talk to David?  Guess not!
Democrats Delay a Vote on Immunity for Wiretaps
NYTIMES
By ERIC LICHTBLAU
Published: December 18, 2007

WASHINGTON — In a setback for the White House, Senate Democrats on Monday put off until at least next month any decision on whether to give legal protection to the phone carriers that helped with the National Security Agency’s eavesdropping program.

The Bush administration had pushed for immediate passage of legislation to grant immunity to the phone companies as part of a broader expansion of the N.S.A.’s wiretapping authorities. But that will not happen now.

After daylong debate in the Senate on the wiretapping issue, Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, the majority leader, announced at the end of the day that there would not be time to consider the legislation this week as he had hoped. With a dozen competing amendments on the issue and an omnibus spending bill separately awaiting consideration, Mr. Reid said he believed it would be difficult to give the wiretapping issue the close consideration that it deserved this week before the Senate leaves for its Christmas recess.

“Democrats are committed to improving our nation’s intelligence laws while protecting Americans’ civil liberties,” Mr. Reid said. “We need to take the time necessary to debate a bill that does just that, rather than rushing one through the legislative process.”

Senator Christopher J. Dodd, the Connecticut Democrat and presidential candidate, spent much of the day attacking the idea of giving immunity to the phone companies, and he took credit for the delay.

“Today we have scored a victory for American civil liberties and sent a message to President Bush that we will not tolerate his abuse of power and veil of secrecy,” Mr. Dodd said in a statement.

“The president should not be above the rule of law, nor should the telecom companies who supported his quest to spy on American citizens,” he said. “I thank all my colleagues who joined me in fighting and winning a stay in the rush to grant retroactive immunity to the telecommunications companies who may have violated the privacy rights of millions of Americans.”

In August, Congress hastily approved expanded powers for the security agency in a vote that many Democrats said they regretted. That temporary legislation expires on Feb. 1, and the White House had pushed the Senate to approve legislation this week — including the much-sought immunity for the phone carriers — so that an agreement could be worked out in negotiations with the House. The House approved a wiretapping measure of its own last month that did not include immunity.

Administration officials expressed disappointment with the Senate delay in dealing with the wiretapping issue.

“It’s very disappointing,” Tony Fratto, a White House spokesman, said. “There will be very little time to accomplish this when Congress returns in January. Each day of delay brings us closer to reopening a dangerous intelligence gap that we closed last summer.”The decision by Mr. Reid to put off the vote was surprising because it came just hours after the White House’s push for immunity for the phone carriers had cleared an initial procedural hurdle Monday.

By a vote of 76 to 10, the Senate agreed earlier in the day to begin debating the question of whether to provide legal immunity to the phone carriers.

Even some Democrats who oppose the White House’s immunity plan voted to support the motion Monday because they said it was important for the Senate to resolve the issue one way or the other after weeks of debate.

The vote appeared to head off, at least for now, threats by some opponents of immunity, including Senator Dodd, to delay a vote through a filibuster.

Ultimately, the Senate is likely to consider three different approaches: a plan by the Senate Intelligence Committee to immunize the phone carriers from liability; a plan by the Judiciary Committee to leave out immunity; and an alternative plan by Senator Arlen Specter, Republican of Pennsylvania, to indemnify the companies from legal liability by making the government responsible for any damages instead. Senator Dianne Feinstein, Democrat of California, threw a fourth option into the mix Monday by proposing that the foreign intelligence court, the FISA court, be allowed to decide whether individual companies should get immunity.

Even if the Senate does approve the immunity provision, the fight will not be over. The House this month approved a proposal that left out immunity for the companies, and the two chambers would have to meet to reach an agreement.

There are 40 lawsuits pending against AT&T, Verizon and other major phone companies over their alleged cooperation in the eavesdropping program.



Dodd Halts Measure Aimed At Reforming FISA;  Telecoms' immunity provision sidetracked by threat of filibuster 
DAY
By Ted Mann    
Published on 12/18/2007 

As his opponents for the Democratic presidential nomination stayed in Iowa, scrambling for victory in the January primaries, Sen. Chris Dodd of Connecticut came back to Washington and eked out a win on the Senate floor.

With Dodd threatening a filibuster, Senate Democratic leaders pulled a proposed reform of the Foreign Surveillance Intelligence Act Monday night, agreeing to reassess a provision that would have granted retroactive legal immunity to the telecommunications companies that participated in the Bush administration's warrantless wiretapping program.  The withdrawal of the bill came after Dodd had been on the Senate floor — making speeches, threatening amendments, answering questions — for roughly eight hours.

It also marked a major policy victory for the senator, and one that justified passing up valuable campaigning time in Iowa, where voters at the Jan. 3 caucus will likely decide whether Dodd goes on to future primaries or goes home.

“Today we have scored a victory for American civil liberties and sent a message to President Bush that we will not tolerate his abuse of power and veil of secrecy,” Dodd said in a written statement Monday night, after the compromise was announced. “The President should not be above the rule of law, nor should the telecom companies who supported his quest to spy on American citizens.”

Speaking on the floor, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said the Senate would consider the FISA reforms when it reconvenes early next year. The current law authorizing the FISA court, which was passed as a stopgap measure in August, will expire in February.  A House version of the FISA reform bill does not include the wiretap immunity provisions to which Dodd and others objected, and will have to be reconciled with any eventual Senate version.

“What has taken place in this country has really hurt the confidence of the American people in their government,” Reid said, going on to mention t